Learning from Failure: Building Resilience in Small- and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises, the Role of Servant Leadership and Transparent Communication

Understanding how small- and medium-sized enterprises develop foster resilience in their employees is critical to better adapt recover from challenges. Yet, such a process conducted not well-understood literature. Integrating the literature social exchange theory disaster framework, this research examines effects of servant leadership (SL) transparent communication (TC) on employees’ capacity for (learning failure, hardiness, optimism) adaptive performance during/post COVID-19 crisis. A total 880 restaurants travel agencies were surveyed. The results reveal that SL TC was fully mediated by resilience, specifically learning failure.